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Cómo interpretar: Hacer preguntas

May 26, 2026 By Peter Krol

This is a Spanish translation of a post from our archive. For the original post in English, please click the “Publicación original” link at the top of the post. For further explanation of why we’re posting articles in Spanish for a season, see this announcement.

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Publicación original de Peter Krol, traducida por Sarah Oiler

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La semana pasada, introduje 3 pasos para interpretar la Biblia.

Paso uno fue haz preguntas de tus observaciones:

“Si tú has observado bien, ya estás listo para interpretar.

Toma sus observaciones y haz preguntas. Muchas preguntas. Haz frente a estas observaciones desde todas las direcciones.

Sé lo más curioso posible. Mejora haciendo preguntas, y mejorarás en la interpretación de la Biblia.

Ten en cuenta que tus preguntas deben surgir de tus observaciones del texto. No haz simplemente alguna pregunta antigua. No sientas la necesidad de ser especialmente inteligente. Tu trabajo no es innovar, sino descubrir. (Ten en cuenta que los discípulos no observaron bien, y así formularon preguntas equivocadas en Juan 21: 22-23.)” (traducido por Evangelio blog, modificado por mí)

Las preguntas principales son ¿qué? ¿por qué? y ¿ahora qué?

Las preguntas de “¿qué?” definen los términos del autor (“¿qué quería decir?”)
Las preguntas de “¿por qué?” descubren el propósito del autor (“¿por qué dijo esto?”)
Las preguntas de “¿ahora qué?” destacan las implicaciones de un texto (“¿qué quiere él que yo haga ahora?”)

Por ejemplo, digamos que estás estudiando Lucas 2:1-21. Acabas de observar que hay una idea repetida sobre poder y autoridad. Viste muchas palabras, como “gobierno,” “censo,” “César” y “gloria.” Ahora necesitamos hacer preguntas.

¿Por qué tipo de autoridad está preocupado Lucas? ¿Qué era un gobernador en la Antigua Roma? ¿Cuál era el alcance del poder de César? ¿Qué hará Jesús que es diferente de las otras autoridades? ¿Qué son los ángeles?
- Las preguntas de cómo o qué tan también se pueden incluir aquí: ¿Qué tan largo era el viaje de Nazaret a Belén? ¿Cómo eran percibidos los pastores por la gente durante esta época?
¿Por qué está preocupado Lucas por la idea de poder? ¿Por qué César emitió este decreto? ¿Por qué el autor contrasta la gloria del bebé Jesús con la autoridad de los líderes romanos? ¿Por qué temieron los pastores al ver un ángel?
Ahora, ¿qué nos dice esto sobre dónde reside la autoridad verdadera? Ahora, ¿qué debemos creer sobre Jesús? Ahora, ¿qué debemos esperar cuando Jesús entra en conflicto con el mundo?

¿Qué otras preguntas se te ocurren a partir de tus observaciones de Lucas 2:1-21? Ve si puedes identificar si tu pregunta es del tipo “¿Qué?”, “¿Por qué?” o “Ahora, ¿Qué?”

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Fool #1: The Savior

May 22, 2026 By Peter Krol

Proverbs 6:1-19 describes three kinds of fool.

The first fool is the Savior. This person really, really loves people. Especially needy people. Especially needy people who keep having needs. This person will bend over backwards to meet a need. The Savior will joyfully sacrifice time, money, and energy to help people with their problems. But…the problems never go away. And the people with problems multiply. The Savior attracts them and feels really good about it.

There are times when I am this fool. Could it be that there are times when you are as well?

My son, if you have put up security for your neighbor,
Have given your pledge for a stranger,
If you are snared in the words of your mouth,
Caught in the words of your mouth,
Then do this, my son, and save yourself,
For you have come into the hand of your neighbor:
Go, hasten, and plead urgently with your neighbor.
Give your eyes no sleep
And your eyelids no slumber;
Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter,
Like a bird from the hand of the fowler (Prov 6:1-5).

The ancient world had no banks, no wire transfers, and no lines of credit. If you had no cash (in the form of coins), you had no net worth. You might be able to buy some life essentials with livestock, cloth, or labor, but otherwise you were likely to need a loan of some sort.

Tilemahos Efthimiadis (2006), Creative Commons

Another institution unfamiliar to the ancient world was the credit bureau. If you wanted to borrow money from me, I couldn’t run a credit check to prove your ability to repay the loan. So to lower risk, I could only get a sense of your character by talking to your family and friends. But to be really safe, I would require two signatures on the loan papers – one from you and one from your surety. Your surety was the person who promised to pay me back if somehow you found yourself unable to do so.

In Prov 6:1, Solomon writes to the person who has become the surety for another. He addresses the one who “put up security” and gave a pledge to repay someone else’s loan in case of default.

What’s at stake for this person? As a surety, you have “come into the hand of your neighbor” (Prov 6:3). If the borrower defaults, you become obligated to pay the debt. You have become a slave to someone else’s circumstances, and you ought not rest until you free yourself (Prov 6:4). You’re road kill unless you find a way out (Prov 6:5). You should not make such pledges. If you already have, nullify them at all costs.

Saviors like these weren’t limited to ancient Israel. Next week I’ll show how they’re still thriving and saving today.

Question: Where do you see the “Savior” in our generation?

This post was first published in 2013 and is part of a series walking through Proverbs 1-9.

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Don’t Be Embarrassed by the Cursing Psalms

May 20, 2026 By Peter Krol

Have you ever come across those poems of cursing in the book of Psalms? Scholars call them “imprecatory psalms,” which just means that they contain requests for judgment on evil. And not a general judgment on a vague sense of evil, but a concrete and specific sort.

May his children be fatherless and his wife a widow! (Psalm 109:9)

Arise, O LORD! Save me, O my God! For you strike all my enemies on the cheek; you break the teeth of the wicked. (Psalm 3:7)

Let their way be dark and slippery, with the angel of the LORD pursuing them! (Psalm 35:6)

It is quite common to find psalmists asking God to judge their enemies in such ways. Many have struggled with these psalms, such as C.S. Lewis, who believed them full of “vindictive hatred” (Reflections on the Psalms).

Here’s the question: Are such psalms opposed to Jesus’ instructions to love our enemies and pray for our persecutors? Do such prayers of cursing represent an older way of selfish thinking that has been reversed by the coming of the new covenant? And what should Bible teachers or Bible study leaders do when we come to such psalms in our study or teaching?

Daniel R. Hyde addresses these questions and more in this thorough piece on the imprecatory psalms. Hyde writes particularly to preachers, but his insights apply easily to any teacher or small group leader as well. According to Hyde:

Imprecations in the Psalms are not an embarrassment to be managed. They are part of the Scriptures that “bear witness” to “the things concerning” Jesus (John 5:39; Luke 24:27; 24:44). If these prayers make us uncomfortable, that discomfort is no reason to avoid or edit them—it’s a reason to learn how to preach them. As Elizabeth Achtemeier said, “If we have some problem with a passage in the Old Testament, it is not the Bible’s problem. It is ours.” The question is not whether Christians may pray for God’s justice, but how.

Hyde shows us that the imprecatory psalms enable us to hand justice over to God so we’re not tempted to execute it ourselves. He gives three reasons why God gave us the cursing psalms.

They hand vengeance to God
They teach the church to long for the kingdom
They form the whole person before God

He goes on to explain to go about teaching these psalms in a Christian context. In the face of great evil, do not deprive yourself of the one weapon (prayer) God has given you to directly resist it. Hyde’s counsel is well worth your time.

Check it out!

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Otro enemigo de la interpretación es el relativismo

May 19, 2026 By Peter Krol

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Publicación original de Peter Krol, traducida por Sarah Oiler

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Ayer escribí, “la observación descuidada causa directamente una interpretación incorrecta.” Alguien se preguntaría si hay tal cosa como la “interpretación incorrecta”.

SÍ, hay.

En Lucas 7:18-19, Juan el Bautista quería asegurarse de que tenía la interpretación correcta.

En Marcos 12:24-27, Jesús culpó a los saduceos por tener la interpretación incorrecta.

El apóstol Pedro nos dice que la ignorancia o la inestabilidad pueden causar que alguien tergiverse o malinterprete la Biblia. Esta práctica tiene consecuencias funestas (2 Pedro 3:15-16).

He escuchado que algunas personas dicen que la Biblia “significa lo que quieres que signifique.”

Aunque aprecio el deseo de relevancia, ¿podría sugerir que el relativismo extremo, de hecho, es contraproducente? Si la comunicación pudiera significar cualquier cosa que desee el receptor, no existiría la comunicación significativa. El orador o escritor tiene la intención de transmitir un significado específico. Podemos estar de acuerdo o no, pero no podemos ignorar que existe una intención original.

O sea, cuando alguien dice que algo significa lo que quieres que signifique, una respuesta provechosa y respetuosa podría ser: “¿De verdad lo dices en serio?”

De todas formas, trabajemos duro para descubrir lo que significa.

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Quoting Scripture Contrary to Its Purpose is Devilish

May 18, 2026 By Ryan Higginbottom

*Temptation of Christ* (1663), Philips Augustijn Immenraet, public domain

Have you ever tried to hammer a nail with a hand saw? When was the last time you flipped a pancake with a whisk?

Using tools or utensils for unintended purposes just doesn’t work.

Context Matters

When it comes to the Bible, proper usage is even more important, because we are dealing with God’s word.

We have devoted many articles on this blog to the importance of context in the Bible. We have called attention to numerous examples of the proper use of Scripture, respecting the location of phrases and verses within paragraphs, chapters, and books.

But we can learn through both positive and negative examples. So today, we’ll look at a Bible quotation used out of context. And we won’t just look at any example, we’ll look in the Bible itself at an example of the misuse of Scripture.

The Temptation of Jesus

After Jesus is baptized, he is led by the Spirit to be tempted by the devil (Matthew 4:1). Jesus rebuffs Satan’s three-part temptation by quoting the Bible at each turn. (This narrative is found in both Matthew 4:1–11 and Luke 4:1–13. I’ll use Matthew’s version.)

This section of Scripture is often used to illustrate the value of knowing the Bible. Memorizing God’s word is a mighty tool in resisting temptation. This is all very good.

But in one of Satan’s temptations, he quotes the Bible, and that is worth exploring.

Then the devil took him to the holy city and set him on the pinnacle of the temple and said to him, “If you are the Son of God, throw yourself down, for it is written, ‘He will command his angels concerning you,’ and ‘On their hands they will bear you up, lest you strike your foot against a stone.’”(Matthew 4:5–6)

The devil cites Psalm 91:11–12 and, taken as quoted, the verses are compelling. God seems to promise protection in angelic form, without a qualification in sight. If we stick to Satan’s words, his case is persuasive.

Exploring Psalm 91

Jesus’s reply to the devil is simple, coming straight from Deuteronomy 6:16.

Jesus said to him, “Again it is written, ‘You shall not put the Lord your God to the test.’” (Matthew 4:7)

How exactly is what Satan offers a test of God?

Instead of a blanket promise of safety, Psalm 91 is about God’s protection for those who seek their shelter in him. This thread runs throughout the psalm.

It is he who “dwells in the shelter of the Most High” that will “abide in the shadow of the Almighty” (Psalm 91:1).
The psalmist replies to this promise by calling God “My refuge and my fortress, my God in whom I trust” (Psalm 91:2).
The psalmist says that “Because you have made the Lord your dwelling place,” “no evil shall be allowed to befall you” (Psalm 91:9–10, emphasis mine).
God says, “Because he holds fast to me in love, I will deliver him; I will protect him, because he knows my name” (Psalm 91:14).
Finally, this “holding fast” to God takes a specific form: “When he calls to me, I will answer him; I will be with him in trouble; I will rescue him and honor him” (Psalm 91:15).

Psalm 91 does not offer a safety net to rescue everyone from the consequences of reckless behavior. Rather, God promises his protection to those who make him their dwelling place. To those who call to him. To those who hold fast to him in love.

Consider the Text

In the title of this article, I claim that the quoting of Scripture contrary to its purpose is devilish. I mean, very simply, that this is a tactic of the devil.

Not everyone who quotes Scripture in this way is evil or is possessed by a demon. But we should be sobered as we observe this strategy. The Bible can be used as a tool to accomplish evil purposes. The words of God are not a magical incantation of righteousness.

This understanding should affect the way we listen to sermons, digest proof texts, and read theological arguments. Let’s give ourselves to a careful study of the Bible, that we might recognize and avoid this devilish error.

This was originally posted in 2020.

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The Savior, the Sluggard, and the Sower of Discord

May 15, 2026 By Peter Krol

In recent years, I’ve learned that much of parenting involves helping the children learn not to do dumb stuff that hurts themselves and others. One child destroys every tower and confiscates every treasure, then wonders why no other children want to play together. Another child leaps from couch to coffee table and back again, wondering how far the gap can widen before something bad happens. Yet another finds a bag of sweets, devours the entirety in secret, and moans over the ensuing tummy ache.

One glorious incident involved our basement’s air hockey table. One child—who was typically more curious than a PhD candidate—wraps the table’s electrical cord around the rear axle of a big wheel. This child then mounts the vehicle, hits the gas, and begins taking measurements. I’m not sure which hypothesis was being tested, but the experiment resulted in our household inventory becoming minus one air hockey table. And that child went on basement probation for a few weeks.

I scratch my head at these kids until I realize I’m no different. I do dumb things and act surprised when they don’t turn out well. I’ve already written of the time I photocopied my hindquarters at summer camp. With a broken machine, a gash on my thigh, and a humiliating confession behind me, a camp legend was born. Even today, I stay up too late at night and wonder why I’m too tired to carry out important tasks the next day. I belittle my wife in public and get upset when she’s not affectionate with me in private.

Solomon wrote Proverbs 6 to help fools like us: those in danger of harming themselves and ruining the people they love.

Now most people read Proverbs for its practical advice. They crave cuts of beefy counsel to sink their teeth into. They want help with their finances or career path or relationships, but by the end of Proverbs 5, these spiritual carnivores feel like the steakhouse is always under construction and never open for business. So in Proverbs 6, Solomon finally serves up dense shanks for thoughtful chewing.

Proverbs 6:1-19 digresses from the big-picture framework of wisdom to portray three specific kinds of fool. The “Savior” tries to rescue needy people himself rather than pointing them to Jesus (Prov 6:1-5). The “Sluggard” makes a series of lazy choices that take him farther and farther from the Lord (Prov 6:6-11). The “Sower of Discord” breaks up the body of Christ, risking God’s condemnation, which could be atoned for by the broken body of Christ (Prov 6:12-19).

This section is unique in Prov 1-9 in that it doesn’t contain a command to listen. Did Solomon omit the command because his audience should have internalized it by now? He’s given enough theory; now he gets painfully specific. And the assumed question hangs in the background: Will you listen to instruction, even if it hurts to do so?

Question: Which of the three fools can you relate with?

This post was first published in 2013 and is part of a series walking through Proverbs 1-9.

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How to Derail a Bible Study

May 13, 2026 By Peter Krol

Bobby Miller III recognizes four easy ways to derail a small group Bible study. Maybe you’ll recognize one or more of them. I sure do.

Sideline the Bible to talk about other sources.
Focus on personal issues rather than Bible interpretation.
Look for ways others should change rather than applying the text to ourselves.
Over-comfort and adopt a fix-it attitude rather than trusting God’s Spirit to bring change.

Here’s a taste of his advice on the first danger:

If you want to use other Christian material, do so wisely by having your group read the Scripture passages the sources are based on as well. Don’t assume every group member is already familiar enough with the Bible passage you’re studying. Instead, take the time to revisit each section in its context. You may be surprised by how much you discover.

This is good, practical counsel. Check it out!

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El peor enemigo de la interpretación es la observación

May 12, 2026 By Peter Krol

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Publicación original de Peter Krol, traducida por Sarah Oiler

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La interpretación ocurre cuando descubrimos por qué un pasaje dice lo que dice. No logramos interpretar bien cuando nos falta entender por qué un pasaje dice lo que dice.

El obstáculo principal para la interpretación excelente es la observación.

Por supuesto, no creo que la observación sea una mala cosa. Ya he escrito sobre cómo debemos valorar la observación cuidadosa. La observación descuidada causa directamente una interpretación incorrecta.

Sin embargo, al estudiar la Biblia, no puedes quedarte en la fase de observación. Es fácil creer que has estudiado la Biblia cuando, en realidad, solo la observas.

Por ejemplo, mucha gente usa Romanos 1:18-32 para mostrar que la humanidad es pecadora. ¡Una observación excelente! Pero, ¿por qué Pablo hace todo lo posible para demostrar cuán pecadora es la humanidad? Quizás es porque quiere armar un caso contra el lector de forma lenta e imperceptible. “Por tanto, no tienes excusa tú, quienquiera que seas, cuando juzgas a los demás” (Romanos 2:1, NVI).

Encontramos otro ejemplo en Filipenses 4:4-9. Este pasaje está lleno de dichos lindos que los cristianos citan con frecuencia. Nos encanta “alegrémonos siempre en el Señor” (Filipenses 4:4, NVI). Nos consuela presentar nuestras peticiones a Dios, con oración y ruego (Filipenses 4:6).

Esas son buenas observaciones. Pero, ¿por qué están aquí estos versículos? La iglesia de Filipos estaba pasando por una ruptura grave entre dos mujeres prominentes (Filipenses 4:2-3). Por esta razón, Pablo envió instrucciones a uno de sus compañeros en la iglesia para resolver el conflicto. Lee Filipenses 4:4-9 con esta perspectiva, y el pasaje cobra vida.

Las narraciones del Antiguo Testamento nos dan un último grupo de ejemplos. Al observar estos relatos, es posible que nos demos cuenta de todo tipo de personajes para imitar o evitar, pero todavía nos falta seguir con la interpretación. Ver a estos personajes como ejemplos no está mal (mira 1 Corintios 10:11), pero es demasiado fácil quedarse solo en la observación. ¿Por qué están allí estos relatos? Para mostrarnos a Jesús, por supuesto (Juan 1:45, Lucas 24:44-47). Lo importante, cada vez, es descubrir cómo.

Recuerda que no debes permitir que la familiaridad estorbe tu observación. Y no permitas que la observación estorbe tu interpretación.

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What Changed When I Taught My Small Group Leaders to Slow Down

May 8, 2026 By Peter Krol

This is a guest post by Ephraim Schoephoerster. Ephraim serves as a Life Groups and Discipleship Coordinator at Rise Church in Abilene, Texas, and is the founder of Enneagram Ephraim, where he coaches lead pastors of small-to-mid-sized churches through team dynamics. He has been published with ACU Mosaic, Small Church Ministries, XP Pastors, and TheLife.com (Power to Change).

If you’d like to write a guest post for Knowable Word, please see the guidelines page.

I coordinate life groups at our church in Abilene, Texas. I recruit the leaders, train them, check in with them, and walk with them when things get hard. I have done some version of this work for over a decade, first in youth ministry and now with adults. And there is one pattern I see more than any other.

The leaders I work with love the Bible. They believe it is the Word of God. They want their groups to grow. But when they sit down on a Tuesday night and open a passage together, most of them do the same thing. They read the text, and then they skip straight to what it means.

Somebody shares an interpretation. Somebody else shares how it applies to their week. The leader nods and asks a follow-up question. And within five minutes the group is having a conversation that sounds spiritual but has almost nothing to do with what the passage actually says.

a group of people sitting in a room — Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko on Pexels.com

They are not lazy. They are not apathetic. They just do not know there is another step. Nobody has ever taught them to observe the text before they try to interpret it.

I did not know this either for a long time. I spent years leading Bible studies where I thought the goal was to get people talking. If the room was engaged, the study was working. But I started to notice that my groups could have lively discussions about a passage and still walk away with conclusions the text did not support. We were building application on top of assumptions. And I was the one letting it happen.

The turning point for me was learning to slow down. Before I asked my group what a passage meant, I started asking what they noticed. What words stood out? What was repeated? Who was speaking? What came before this and what came after? Simple questions. Not deep. Not clever. Just slow.

And it changed everything.

Last month we were in John 4. Instead of jumping straight to what Jesus was teaching the woman at the well, I asked the group to tell me what they noticed. Someone pointed out that Jesus asked her for water even though he was the one who had something to give. Someone else noticed the woman kept changing the subject. A third person saw that the disciples were surprised he was talking to her at all. We spent fifteen minutes just observing, and by the time we moved to interpretation, the passage had already done most of the work for us.

People who had been in church for thirty years started saying things like, “I never noticed that before.” Leaders who used to panic about filling silence realized the text had more to say than they thought. The conversations got deeper, not because I asked better discussion questions, but because we finally let the passage set the agenda.

Now when I train new life group leaders, observation is where I start. I tell them that the most important thing they can do for their group is not to have all the answers. It is to help people see what is on the page. If your group can learn to read carefully before they respond quickly, you have given them something that will shape them long after your group semester ends.

This is not a technique. It is a posture. It says to the text, “I am going to look at you before I decide what you are telling me.” And it says to the group, “We are here to listen to God’s Word together, not to pool our opinions about it.”

Most of the small group leaders in your church have never been trained to do this. They were handed a curriculum and told to facilitate. That is not their fault. But it is an opportunity. Because when you teach a leader to observe the text, you do not just improve one Bible study. You change the way an entire room reads the Bible for the rest of their lives.

That is what I get to watch happen in living rooms and coffee shops and church classrooms every week. And it never gets old.

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It’s Not Too Late to Seek the Lord

May 6, 2026 By Peter Krol

According to Joel 1, the day of disaster may already be upon you, picturing the day of the Lord to come. May this drive you to a day of prayer and repentance in hope of finding mercy instead of judgment.

Paul House walks through the argument of Joel 1, modeling how to trace themes, follow the train of thought, and make concrete and specific applications.

How should we think about such events [natural disasters]? Should we simply consider them a bit of bad luck? Should we think they punish bad people? Should we think God is not in control of such events? Should we just put such terrible events out of our minds? How can we think Biblically about what seem to be freakish acts of nature? I do not have all the answers to these questions.

House’s sample Bible study is well worth your time. Check it out!

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