1 Thessalonians

Applying Bible Passages that Contain a Deluge of Commands

June 17, 2024 By Ryan Higginbottom

When reading Scripture, I am often overwhelmed by two types of passages: genealogies and long lists of commands. I have trouble processing the large amount of information—it’s too much to think about, and I’m tempted to give up and skip ahead.

We may tackle genealogies at some point in the future, but this article will focus on lists of commands. I will introduce some general principles for handling these passages, and then in two future articles, I will walk through specific examples.

Locate the Main Point

Our observation and interpretation in Bible study should serve our efforts to state the author’s main point in a passage. Then, we should look through the lens of that main point when we turn to application.

This is a mistake I make when reading some of the epistles. When I come to a long list of commands, I think of them individually, out of context. Consider this passage near the end of 1 Thessalonians.

We ask you, brothers, to respect those who labor among you and are over you in the Lord and admonish you, and to esteem them very highly in love because of their work. Be at peace among yourselves. And we urge you, brothers, admonish the idle, encourage the fainthearted, help the weak, be patient with them all. See that no one repays anyone evil for evil, but always seek to do good to one another and to everyone. Rejoice always, pray without ceasing, give thanks in all circumstances; for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus for you. Do not quench the Spirit. Do not despise prophecies, but test everything; hold fast what is good. Abstain from every form of evil. (1 Thess 5:12–22)

I emphasized the imperatives in this passage by making them bold. I count 17 commands in these 11 verses! Considering these as individual commands is just too much—I want to throw my hands up and walk away.

However, these commands from Paul have a context. They are written at the end of a chapter which is at the end of a letter. Paul does not intend for us to scribble “Hold fast what is good” (for example) on an index card and stare at it when we open the fridge. We should connect this command to the reason Paul wrote it.

Finding the main point of a passage is hard, crucial work. Once we have that main point, it reorients us for the application to follow—we should apply the main point of the passage. This doesn’t mean we ignore the obvious commands of Scripture; instead, we understand them in the context of what the author is trying to communicate.

Rely on the Spirit and Seek Counsel

Connecting a list of commands to the main point of a passage isn’t a way to outflank obedience. We still have to stare that list of commands in the face. I’ve found it helpful to keep a few principles in mind.

There are no bonus points for speed. Often I benefit from slowing down and thinking through commands one at a time.

Consider the intended audience. Remember that most of the Bible was written to groups of people, not individuals. This should inform our application.

Seek the Lord. When I pray before (and during) a meditation on a list of commands, I often learn more about myself and am strengthened in God’s provision for me. It really is true that the Holy Spirit teaches us, directs us, and gives us wisdom (1 Cor 2:12-13, Eph 1:17, Rom 8:14).

Seek counsel from others. Our small groups and other trusted friends—specifically, people who know us well—are excellent resources to help us apply the Bible specifically.

Remember Jesus. When we keep the work and grace of Jesus front and center, this not only motivates us to obey but refreshes and renews us when we fail.

These general principles should be helpful as we learn how to handle an avalanche of commands in passages of Scripture. Look for two future articles which give concrete examples.

There May be a Clue at the End of the Letter

February 26, 2024 By Ryan Higginbottom

A good email is a dying art. Especially within a business context, clear and concise communication is crucial.

In particular, I love it when someone crafts their email subject line with care. This short text field exists to capture the purpose of the entire email. I have nearly laughed with joy when the body of an email is simply adding a few details to a well-chosen subject line. It’s sublime.

No one would argue that the Biblical epistles are the same as modern day emails. However, as written communication they share some qualities. As my co-blogger Peter has pointed out, because the writers of the epistles wanted to persuade their readers to believe or do something, they often included thesis statements throughout their letters.

The beginning of a letter is an obvious place for such a statement. But these writers occasionally ended their communication by returning to the same topic. This makes sense, and we often do the same—if I want to make extra sure that someone gets my point, I’ll include that at both the beginning and end of the email.

Examples

As we will see later, not every epistle ends in the way that I’m describing. But a number of them do! Here are three for our consideration.

Our interpretive overview of this letter argues that Paul was mainly concerned with urging the Thessalonians on in faith, love, and hope. After noting how obvious these qualities were in them (chapter 1), Paul told them to excel still more in these same virtues.

At the end of the letter, Paul wrote this benediction (which might be my favorite New Testament benediction).

Now may the God of peace himself sanctify you completely, and may your whole spirit and soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. He who calls you is faithful; he will surely do it. (1 Thess 5:23-24)

We can see how Paul returned to the familiar note he had been hitting throughout the letter. His prayer and urgent desire for the Thessalonians was that God would perfect them in faith, love, and hope. This is what is meant by his use of “sanctify” and “blameless” in verse 23; in the context of the letter, he wanted their Christian virtues to be complete.

Titus

Paul’s message to Titus was straightforward: character and devotion to good works flow from a sound faith. Though this letter is short, Paul punctuated it with frequent mention of those works which a redeemed heart is glad to perform.

The end of the letter is no exception. Just before Paul’s final greetings, and just following some detailed personal instructions, Paul returned to his theme.

And let our people learn to devote themselves to good works, so as to help cases of urgent need, and not be unfruitful. (Titus 3:14)

Paul made sure Titus could not miss his main point.

1 Peter

Peter’s first letter was written to Christians scattered because of persecution. He was writing to give them hope in the midst of great trials, when they were “suffering for righteousness’ sake (1 Peter 3:14).

Like Paul, Peter’s benediction at the end of the letter was tender and bursting with pastoral wisdom. It was also, unsurprisingly, connected to the theme of the letter.

And after you have suffered a little while, the God of all grace, who has called you to his eternal glory in Christ, will himself restore, confirm, strengthen, and establish you. To him be the dominion forever and ever. Amen. (1 Peter 5:10-11)

Peter touched on the suffering that his friends would face and also reminded them of their great, eternal hope.

Not all Epistles!

The structure of each epistle is different, and in some letters a summary at the end is absent. Consider Ephesians as a prime example. This letter splits neatly into two, with the first three chapters laying out important doctrine (“the calling to which you’ve been called”) and the last three chapters giving application (“walk in a manner worthy of this calling”).

The main doctrinal point Paul made in the first half of Ephesians is that God has a plan to unite all of heaven and earth under the Lord Jesus. The letter ended with the famous “armor of God” passage and then final greetings. While one can these greetings to the uniting all things in Christ, there is nothing so explicit as we see in our earlier examples. A summary statement or return to theme is simply absent from the end of this letter.

Finding the Author’s Main Concern

When studying any book of the Bible, we should find its structure to help us discern its main point. Because epistles are so driven by logic and arguments, statements of purpose or theme are more abundant than in other genres of Biblical literature.

So as you’re studying the epistles, if you’re having trouble finding the main point, you might find a clue at the end of the letter.

Historical Background for 1 Thessalonians

June 1, 2022 By Peter Krol

Who wrote the letter we call First Thessalonians? Why are three authors mentioned in 1 Thess 1:1? Where were they? How did they know the people in Thessalonica? When was the letter written and under what circumstances?

These are the sorts of questions we ought to ask when we study 1 Thessalonians, and we ought to ask similar questions of any book we study.

John Piper shows us briefly and clearly how to go about answering such questions. Consider his recent Look at the Book video where he provides the background for the writing of this letter, showing us in the process how to develop such research skills for ourselves.

Check it out!

The First Commentator to Plead His Case

May 6, 2022 By Peter Krol

My fourth commandment for commentary usage is:

You shall not read only one commentary, but shall invite a plurality of voices into the conversation.

Is this because I think you have no limits on your time, or that you must become a professional researcher in order to study the Bible? No, it is simply because our Bible study is part of a conversation that has been going on for thousands of years. We were created to live and learn in community, and therefore, having a single influence on your study is counterproductive to your study.

Let me give two reasons.

The First to Plead His Case Seems Right, Until…

Consider Proverbs 18:17:

The one who states his case first seems right, until the other comes and examines him.

Unless you are among the most naturally skeptical of learners, if you read only one commentary on a passage, you will be inclined to presume the commentator you read is right. Especially if that commentator engages with other commentators and points out all the places where they are wrong. It is simply part of being a creature with limited knowledge that “the one who states his case first seems right.”

Nobody chooses to write a commentary—or gets a contract to write a commentary—because they believe they have all the wrong ideas about their subject matter. No, they write it because they believe they are right, and that they have something to add to the historic conversation that ought to be considered by others! So they are going to write with as much clarity and confidence as they can muster regarding their interpretive conclusions.

But if you read at least two commentaries, it will help you to recognize that there could be a variety of perspectives out there. And each of them could be argued cogently. And each of them is worth considering and discussing. In the process, it will help you to demystify the priesthood of experts that is so easy to presume.

Demystifying the Presumed Priesthood of Experts

I am deeply grateful for those God has raised up in the church, who are experts in various topics. I’ve been in churches that had medical and legal experts, who counseled church members or leaders on particular medical or legal matters. I’ve been in churches with construction experts, who can take care of building and property maintenance and improvement with tremendous skill. My church sent an agricultural expert overseas to assist the preaching of the gospel with strong agricultural education in a third world country.

So I have no philosophical concern with the existence or use of experts. However, sometimes we can get ourselves stuck in a presumption that the experts are always right. In our Bible study, that means we confer upon Bible experts a mystical status of priestly knowledge unavailable to the masses. If the expert says something, it must be true. And reading only one commentary may reinforce that presumption, since what you read will most likely sound credible and persuasive (see Prov 18:17 again).

But there is a reason medical patients are often encouraged to get a second opinion. There is a reason businesses often have not a single lawyer but a legal team. There is a reason a corporation or government launching a major project invites multiple bids from a plurality of contractors. And there is a reason why nearly any group of experts in the same field will find many matters within their field about which to violently disagree (just peruse a scholastic journal from any field to witness a wealth of in-house debate). That reason is the self-evident fact that a variety of experts will have a variety of perspectives which lead them to a variety of conclusions and suggest a variety of methods or applications.

We ought to take this thinking with us into our personal Bible study and commentary reading. A second opinion is usually more valuable than the first opinion, regardless of which opinion you end up agreeing with. Either you will be rescued from hastily jumping on the first commentator’s train, or you will find even greater confidence and grounds for sticking with that first one. And the variety of strengths and weaknesses of the various commentators will result in your final conclusions being wiser, more nuanced, and more robust.

Test Everything

In conclusion, this sort of sifting, evaluating, and refusing to believe the first opinion (automatically), is what the Apostle Paul wants the Thessalonian churches to do.

Do not despise prophecies, but test everything; hold fast what is good. Abstain from every form of evil. (1 Thess 5:20-22)

There is a sense in which commentaries are one form of New Testament prophecy, in that they proclaim the word of God. We ought to test them, every one. Hang on to whatever is good, helpful, and true in them. Reject whatever is false, misleading, or evil in them.

But you’ll limit your ability to do that unless you consult a second, third, or fourth opinion on a matter. And, as commentator Tremper Longman III says: “Sometimes the reader will be right and the commentaries will be wrong.”

1 Thessalonians: A Community of Faith, Love, and Hope

October 8, 2021 By Peter Krol

Paul’s first letter to the Thessalonian church is one of his earliest known writings, likely preceded only by Galatians. As he was still cutting his teeth on this business of writing letters to churches, it shouldn’t surprise us that he’d want to ground them in the basics of church life. Do Paul’s basics line up with what you consider the basics of membership in your church?

Literary Markers

As a piece of persuasive discourse, 1 Thessalonians marks its main sections through logical connector phrases and major shifts in topic. After the salutation (1 Thess 1:1) and extended thanksgiving (1 Thess 1:2-10), Paul takes up the matters of his relationship with these people (signaled by “for you yourselves know” in 1 Thess 2:1) and their relationships with God and each other (signaled by “Finally, then, brothers” in 1 Thess 4:1). As with many of Paul’s other letters, 1 Thessalonians ends with a closing benediction and greeting (1 Thess 5:23-28).

Salutation and thanksgiving – 1 Thess 1:1-10
Paul’s relationship with the Thessalonians – 1 Thess 2:1-3:13
The Thessalonians’ relationship with God and each other – 1 Thess 4:1-5:22
Benediction and closing – 1 Thess 5:23-28

Part 1 Walkthrough

The beginning and ending of Paul’s letters typically give us the best clues as to his intentions and main point, and 1 Thessalonians is no exception. His thanksgiving for these people introduces the triple-layered theme that saturates the letter:

We give thanks to God always for all of you, constantly mentioning you in our prayers, remembering before our God and Father your work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ. (1 Thess 1:2-3)

Faith, love, hope. We’re generally more familiar with these virtues in a different order from Paul’s later writing (faith, hope, love – see 1 Cor 13:13). But early in his career—and as we’ll see repeatedly throughout this letter—Paul’s thinking followed an initial pattern of faith, love, hope.

First is faith, which Paul unpacks in the opening chapter. He speaks of what “we know” (1 Thess 1:4), and then of what “you know” (1 Thess 1:5b), before waxing eloquently about this church’s faith in God, which has “gone forth everywhere, so that we need not say anything” (1 Thess 1:8). This church, clearly, is one characterized by its faith.

Part 2 Walkthrough

Paul recounts the history of his relationship with the Thessalonian church, but it all has a purpose. He’s not simply recording their origin story for the church’s anniversary picnic or memory book. He has a point to make. An argument.

And that argument comes to light at the very end of the section.

Now may our God and Father himself, and our Lord Jesus, direct our way to you, and may the Lord make you increase and abound in love for one another and for all, as we do for you, so that he may establish your hearts blameless in holiness before our God and Father, at the coming of our Lord Jesus with all his saints. (1 Thess 3:11-13)

Here are Paul’s wishes for these people. He wants them to grow in faith, recognizing and trusting that God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ is the one directing them. He wants them to abound in love for one another and for all. And he wants them to have much hope as they look to the future when Jesus will establish their hearts blameless in holiness. The same three things he gave thanks for in chapter 1 are the very things he wants them to not only continue in but abound in from this day forward. You’re doing well, and keep it on going!

Going back over the section, we ought to see his description of their relationship reinforcing this trifold prayer.

First, he explains how he himself sought to help those he loved among them. He used words (1 Thess 2:1-7). He used more than words (1 Thess 2:8-12). And he gave copious thanks for worthy progress (1 Thess 2:13-16). Or viewed another way, he inspired their faith through the words of the gospel (1 Thess 2:1-7). He showed them the love of a father for his children (1 Thess 2:8-12). And he observed their stalwart hope despite all they were suffering (1 Thess 2:13-16).

Second, he defends his prolonged absence since his untimely departure from them. Paul’s heart emerges in this defense as he speaks vulnerably about his driving motivation:

We sent Timothy to establish and exhort you in your faith (1 Thess 3:2).
I sent to learn about your faith (1 Thess 3:5).
Timothy has brought good news about your faith and love (1 Thess 3:6).
We have been comforted about you through your faith (1 Thess 3:7).
We wish to see you face to face and supply what is lacking in your faith (1 Thess 3:10).

Why does he care so much about their faith and their love? Because they are his hope and joy (1 Thess 2:19-20). Now we really live, if you are standing fast in the Lord (1 Thess 3:8).

The history of Paul’s relationship with these people is one of witnessing their faith, love, and hope, in imitation of Paul’s own faith, love, and hope, with the intention of further inflaming both their and his continued faith, love, and hope.

Part 3 Walkthrough

Paul moves on to practical matters, expounding on what it might look like to abound in faith, love, and hope, for these folks in this place at this time.

First, he discusses sexual immorality (1 Thess 4:1-8). And the way he discusses it makes it out to be primarily a matter of faith. That is, how does your belief about God shape your sexual ethic? If you trust that God is an avenger (1 Thess 4:6), you will turn away from the passion of lust like the Gentiles who don’t know him. And if you trust that God is a giver of his Holy Spirit (1 Thess 4:8), you won’t presume he’s holding out on you but will find motivation to walk in a way that pleases him.

Second, he discusses brotherly love (1 Thess 4:9-12). Which has to do with further developing the virtue of, well, love. It is something they are already very good at but are urged to practice more and more.

Third, he discusses how to look appropriately to the future and grieve as those who have hope (1 Thess 4:13-5:11).

He sums up his instruction with the metaphor of donning armor—the breastplate of faith and love, and the helmet of hope for salvation (1 Thess 5:8)—before concluding with a series of highly practical requests (1 Thess 5:12-22).

Part 4 Walkthrough

In closing, Paul wishes that God would sanctify them completely. To fill them out and make them whole. To complete his work in them. To take their great success in faith, love, and hope and make it abound even more, until the day when Jesus returns to judge all and keep his own people blameless in the presence of his Father.

Conclusion

The Thessalonian church was doing a great job in these “basics” of faith, love, and hope. Yet there’s always room to grow even further into these virtues. Such is the way of Christian maturity. How is your local community doing at these foundational principles of the Christian walk? Do Paul’s basics line up with what you consider the basics of membership in your church?

Interpretive Outline

Thanksgiving to God for overflowing faith, love, and hope – 1 Thess 1:1-10
Ministry founded on faith, love, and hope – 1 Thess 2:1-3:13
Excelling still more in faith, love, and hope – 1 Thess 4:1-5:22
Asking God for more faith, love, and hope – 1 Thess 5:23-28

This post is part of a series of interpretive overviews of the books of the Bible.

The Word of God, at Work in You Believers

June 21, 2021 By Ryan Higginbottom

In the opening chapters of 1 Thessalonians, Paul is effusive in his thanks for these new believers. And in the midst of this gratitude, Paul makes some astonishing claims about the Bible.

And we also thank God constantly for this, that when you received the word of God, which you heard from us, you accepted it not as the word of men but as what it really is, the word of God, which is at work in you believers. (1 Thess 2:13)

It Really is the Word of God

We must, as always, read this passage in context. But some things are plain from this verse alone. Paul thanks God that the Thessalonians accepted their preaching of the gospel (1 Thess 1:5; 2:2; 2:8; 2:9) as what it really is, the word of God.

It’s easy to lose sight of this miracle, but dwell on it with me for a moment. The Bible is not the word of man, it is the word of God. This means that the Bible is lasting, not temporary; it is perfect, not flawed; it is given intentionally, not on a whim; it is for our good, not to ruin our fun; it is sturdy, trustworthy, reliable, and holy. The Bible is the word of the most glorious, most blessed king. The fact that this God has given us his word should knock us over flat.

The Effect of the Word

Paul mentions that the word of God “is at work in you believers.” From the first two chapters of 1 Thessalonians, we can see what Paul means.

Paul remembers their “work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Thess 1:3). The gospel had come to them “in power” (1 Thess 1:5). The Thessalonians “became imitators” of Paul and his co-missionaries (verse 6), they “became an example to all the believers in Macedonia and Achaia” (verse 7), and “the word of the Lord sounded forth” from them (verse 8). By the power of the Holy Spirit, God’s word had transformed them from unbelievers to proclaimers of the gospel.

In the more immediate context of 1 Thess 2:13, the word of God came as exhortation, encouragement, and charge from Paul and his friends. The Thessalonians were told to “walk in a manner worthy of God,” so the word instructed and shaped them. But the word also reminded these believers that God “calls you into his own kingdom and glory” (1 Thess 2:12). The word of God provided encouragement and hope.

This hope was needed as well, because one final effect of the word’s work in the believers was suffering. The Thessalonians received the word “in much affliction” (1 Thess 1:6). As these new believers learned to imitate older Christians, they “suffered the same things from [their] own countrymen” that the churches in Judea had suffered from the Jews (1 Thess 2:14). This is not unexpected, but it is fact: God’s transformed people should expect suffering (see 2 Tim 3:12).

In summary, what effect did the word have in the Thessalonians? It brought them alive in faith and made them proclaimers of that faith. The word instructed and encouraged them. And as a result of their transformation, it brought them suffering.

How Might We Act if We Believed This?

Not only do we have access to the word of God, but this word is at work in us. In other books, the words sit inert the page, but God’s word transforms us. That transformation may happen slowly, but if we believe the Bible we need to agree that God’s word is at work!

How might this truth shape our lives, both individually and as communities of faith?

If I really believed God’s word was at work in me, I would be more eager for it. I would welcome every opportunity to take in the Bible.

I would also meditate on God’s word more than I currently do. I would ponder exactly how God’s word is working in me. How is the Bible encouraging me? How is it confronting or convicting me? This is not a call for any increased focus on myself—God knows I do too much of that now! But if I believed God’s word worked in me, I would have more thoughtful, meditative engagement with the Bible.

Finally, we should note that this is not written to individuals but to a group. The word of God is at work in believers, but it is also at work in the community of believers. Within the church, we should consider how we can exhort and encourage each other with words of Scripture. This will likely include bearing witness to how God’s word is working in us individually. We should plan and expect for God’s word to change our church families over time, because his word is an active word. It works!

Asking Good Small Group Questions: An Example

February 15, 2021 By Ryan Higginbottom

You can tell me what qualities you like in a dessert all you want, but eventually I’m going to ask you to get specific.

Similarly, laying out principles for good questions to ask in a small group Bible study is all well and good. But leaders need examples for clarity and motivation.

1 Thessalonians 1

Today I’m sharing a Bible study I led on 1 Thessalonians 1 for my church small group. I am far from a perfect example, so please take this simply as one man’s effort to point in a helpful direction.

As evidence of how much I have to learn, I made several improvements to the study in the process of writing this article! Thinking carefully about good questions has been stimulating.

After the study, I’ll explain how these questions illustrate the six characteristics I described in my last post. I’m numbering my questions here in order to make later referencing easier.

Bible Study Plan

Here’s the outline of the study.

Launching question: Can anyone tell us about an experience you’ve had sharing your testimony of coming to faith in Christ?
Give background on the Thessalonian church. It was a young church!
What do you observe about Paul’s thanksgiving in verses 2–3?
- Follow-up: What is significant about the items Paul mentions?
What evidence does Paul give that God has chosen the Thessalonians?
- Follow-up: Does the power and conviction in verse 5 refer to Paul or the Thessalonians? How do you know?
Why does Paul mention God’s choice?
Note that Paul is speaking of the Thessalonians’ experience chronologically.
What happened to the Thessalonians after the gospel came to them? (See verses 6–7.)
- Follow-up: What is the difference between the way Paul uses “imitator” and “example”?
What is significant about the locations Paul mentions? (See verses 7–8.)
What were people saying about the Thessalonians? Why does Paul highlight these things?
The main verbs in verse 9–10 are “turn,” “serve,” and “wait.” How are these actions important for young Christians?
- Follow-up: How are these actions important for more mature Christians?
Does Paul intend verses 9–10 to be a summary of the Christian life? How do you know?
How does the gospel relate to verses 9–10?
- Follow-up: How do verses 2–8 relate to verses 9–10?
What is Paul’s main point in writing chapter 1? How do you know?
What implications does this have for us? What implications does this have for our work making disciples?

Reviewing These Questions

I have tried to write these questions with my list of six characteristics in mind. Let’s see how those qualities affected my questions.

A good question is asked in a natural order.

While my launching question is personal, none of my other questions get personal until the end. I’ve also tried to ask easier, observational questions (like questions 3 and 4) before harder, interpretive questions (like questions 5, 8, or 11).

A good question is honest.

While I have studied this passage quite a bit, I know that others in my group have much to teach me. So I want my questions to be open and inviting (like the follow-up to question 3 and questions 8 and 10). I also avoid fill-in-the-blank questions–it’s actually for this reason that I state some observations (see #6 above) instead of asking about them. I don’t want my group to feel they must read my mind.

A good question is tethered to the text.

In many of my questions, I use specific language from the passage or verse numbers. In other places, when I ask, How do you know?, that is my effort to direct my friends back to the Bible for their reasoning.

I have made room for people to speak from their different perspectives and experiences (see questions 10, 12, and 14). But ideally all such discussion will spring from the words of God.

A good question is understandable.

I’ve tried to avoid long or complicated questions. My longest question above is question 10, and I would ask this twice before inviting responses.

A good question is purposeful.

When putting this study plan together, I wrote down the main point of the passage and then wrote the questions to lead my group toward that conclusion. My hope was that when I asked question 13, my group would have a solid answer.

A good question is prayerfully considered.

In my planning I tried to imagine the responses that each question could provoke. If the question was ambiguous or unclear, I tried to write with more focus. This lead to several inquiries with immediate follow-ups prepared.

I’ve written this before, but it’s worth repeating. Preparing good questions is time-consuming, demanding work.

Encouraging Conversation

This two-post series on good questions is part of a larger effort to help Bible study leaders encourage conversation in their meetings. In my next article, I’ll write about creating an atmosphere within a Bible study that invites interaction.

The Trinity in 1&2 Thessalonians

August 5, 2020 By Peter Krol

Guy Waters has a fine piece showing us how to trace a theological theme through a book (or pair of related books) of Scripture. He draws out the implications of Paul’s doctrine of the trinity from 1&2 Thessalonians.

What did a body of new believers need to hear? They needed to hear the gospel. It was through the gospel that the church in Thessalonica had come to faith. It would be through the gospel that the church in Thessalonica would grow in faith. And the gospel, according to Paul, is a message centered upon the triune God – one God in three persons, Father, Son, and Spirit.
These two letters afford rich reflection upon the triune God. We may trace four lines of teaching about the Trinity from these two letters. And then we may draw some implications from these letters about the place of theology in Scripture and in the Christian life.

Check it out!

Context Matters: Abstain from All Appearance of Evil

January 3, 2020 By Peter Krol

Perhaps you’ve heard the injunction to avoid the appearance of evil. You won’t find the phrase in most modern English Bibles, as it’s a holdover from the King James translation of 1 Thessalonians 5:22. The ESV commands us to “abstain from every form of evil,” and the CSB simplifies it further to “stay away from every kind of evil” (1 Thess 5:22, CSB). This verse could be called upon to support just about any set of personal prohibitions, including interacting with someone of the opposite sex, dining at a tavern, choosing one’s friends, and forming political alliances, to name a few.

But is that what the Apostle Paul had in mind?

Context matters. If we learn to read the Bible for what it is—and not as a collection of independently assembled proverbial sayings—we’ll discover that some of our most familiar passages don’t actually mean what we’ve always assumed.

A Study in Contrasts

When we read the verse in context, we ought to observe that it makes up the second half of a contrast:

“Hold on to what is good. Stay away from every kind of evil.”
1 Thess 5:21b-22

So the staying away from every kind of evil is a companion to the holding on to what is good. The “evil” in view here is the opposite to the “good” that is likewise in view. We are to “hold on to” the one and “stay away from” the other.

What further clues can we find to help us understand precisely what sort of “good” and “evil” Paul has in mind?

A More Foundational Contrast

Moving back just slightly farther, we find another contrast. This one is more concrete.

“Don’t stifle the Spirit. Don’t despise prophecies, but test all things.”
1 Thess 5:19-21a

This one is a little more complex, but still poses no problem for the astute observer. Here we have two things not to do: Don’t stifle the Spirit or despise prophecies. And one thing to do: Test all things.

We ought to see how “stifling the Spirit” is parallel to “despising prophecies.” So the spiritual stifling Paul has in mind is the despising of prophecies. And because the entire paragraph is about church life (1 Thess 5:12-22), it doesn’t seem likely that Paul is describing enscripturated (written) prophecies, but the verbal prophecies being made in the course of ancient Thessalonian church life.

And how does Paul want people to express their dependence on the Spirit? How can they show their regard for those verbal prophecies? Is it by shutting off their minds and swallowing wholesale whatever is spoken in the name of the Spirit?

No: “Test all things,” he commands. The church will express its dependence on the Spirit of God, and its high regard for prophecies, by testing them all. By examining them in light of the enscripturated Word. By evaluating their consistency with the rest of God’s revelation. By making distinctions between true and false prophets, true and false prophecies, things to be heeded and things to be discarded.

The Punch Line

And upon such evaluation of the prophecies made in the church, the people are commanded to “hold on to what is good” and “stay away from every kind of evil.”

So the contrast between “good” and “evil” follows directly from the “testing” of the prophecy. Not every prophecy is legitimate. Not every claim to speak on behalf of God’s Spirit is to be taken seriously. Each of them must be tested.

And those that prove to be “good” are to be held on to. Those that show themselves to be any “kind of evil” are to be stayed away from.

Conclusion

Paul’s command here is similar to Jesus’ instruction to “be on your guard against false prophets who come to you in sheep’s clothing but inwardly are ravaging wolves. You’ll recognize them by their fruit” (Matt 7:15-16a).

We’ve been given an objective set of criteria by which to distinguish between true and false prophecy. We ought to cling to the first while staying away from the second. Jesus and Paul are in harmony on this matter.

And “abstain from all appearance of evil” has very little to do with how other people perceive your behavior in any given situation. It has more to do with whom we listen to and whose instruction we choose to heed. Stay away from those prophets and prophecies who are not in line with that which is good, right, and true.

Context matters.

Thanks to Daniel Tomlinson for the idea for this post. Click here for more examples showing why context matters.

You Can Lead with Influence

August 27, 2014 By Peter Krol

Innovate 4 Jesus recently re-published my article “You Can Lead with Influence.”

When a teacher has influence, students seek a relationship outside of class and ask advice on topics outside of the curriculum. When a manager has influence, employees pitch in on projects without being asked. When a pastor has influence, Christians find any excuse to join his Sunday morning coffee hour conversations. When an older sibling has influence, the closeness lasts well into adulthood. In each case, we follow influential leaders, not because we have to, but because we want to.

An aspiring leader might start off with this vision for influence, but over time the rookie’s eagerness can fade into a fog of authority and experience. Experience assures the leader that entrenched behaviors can’t be broken, touchy people need more leeway, and elder meetings must be boring. Thus, forfeiting influence, the former idealist starts to rely on his own authority to get results.

Consider the difference between authority and influence in this simple illustration. An authoritative parent might compel his teenager to keep her curfew. But only an influential parent can trust his daughter won’t sneak out when he’s asleep.

The article goes on to explain from 1 Thessalonians how the recipe of influence has two key ingredients: humility and hope.

Check it out!